Reconstruction: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly|5 Minute Vide…
The period right away following the Civil War (1865 -1877) is called Reconstruction. Its promising name belies what turned out to be the greatest missed out on opportunity in American history. Where did we fail? And who was accountable? Renowned American history professor Allen Guelzo has the surprising answers in this eye-opening video.
This video was made in partnership with the American Battlefield Trust. Find out more about the Reconstruction at Battlefields.org: http://bit.ly/2NzppkE
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Script:
The American Civil War ended in 1865. And a new dispute right away began.
The North won the very first war. The South won the second. To genuinely comprehend American history, one requires to understand how this happened, and why.
The years immediately following the end of the Civil War– 1865 to 1877– are known in American history as “Reconstruction.” What ought to have been a marvelous chapter in America’s story– the complete integration of 3.9 million freed servants– rather ended up being a disgraceful one.
It started with the assassination of Republican president Abraham Lincoln. One week after the Civil War efficiently ended, the one male with the political savvy and shrewdness to have actually guided Reconstruction was gone.
His successor was Vice-President Andrew Johnson, a Tennessee Democrat. Johnson was the unusual Southern politician who remained devoted to the Union during the Civil War.
Under his Reconstruction strategy, the defeated rebels would be enabled to return to power, almost as if they had never left. The only requirement to rejoin the Union was that they consent to ratify the 13th Amendment that eliminated slavery.
This was fine with the old Southern Democratic ruling class. By agreeing to eliminate slavery, they would in fact increase their political power. Whereas the Constitution’s old 3/5ths clause restricted slave states to counting just 3/5ths of their servants for the purpose of figuring out representation in Congress, after the Civil War, the Southern states were able to count 100% of the freed servants.
This would guarantee the go back to Congress of Southern Democrats, and in even greater numbers than before the disobedience, allowing them– with the aid of their Democratic Party allies in the North– to combat Republican efforts to secure the citizenship rights of the former slaves.
Johnson’s plan triggered 3 years of bitter political warfare. The Republicans in Congress developed their own Congressional Reconstruction plan. Still in the general majority there, they restructured ten of the Southern states into military profession zones, requiring them to write new state constitutions that acknowledged black civil rights before they might be readmitted to the Union.
Over intense Democratic opposition, the Republicans also handled to pass 2 brand-new changes to the Constitution– the 15th and 14th Amendments– guaranteeing due procedure in law and ballot rights in elections. Those rights made it possible for the former slaves to assist elect new state governments, to hold office, and even to send the very first black agents and senators to Congress– all Republicans.
Crucial, in 1869, with the help of 500,000 votes from newly-enfranchised blacks, a new Republican president, Ulysses S. Grant, took workplace. Grant was solidly behind the Congressional Reconstruction strategy.
A new problem emerged: Disgruntled Southern whites organized themselves into ad hoc militias to terrify Southern blacks and their white Republican supporters into silence. The largest and most popular of these militias went by a still-familiar name: the Ku Klux Klan.
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source
The period right away following the Civil War (1865 -1877) is understood as Reconstruction. Johnson was the rare Southern political leader who remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War. Whereas the Constitution’s old 3/5ths provision limited servant states to counting only 3/5ths of their servants for the purpose of determining representation in Congress, after the Civil War, the Southern states were able to count 100% of the freed slaves.
The Republicans in Congress developed their own Congressional Reconstruction plan. Still in the general majority there, they reorganized ten of the Southern states into military profession zones, needing them to compose brand-new state constitutions that acknowledged black civil rights before they might be readmitted to the Union.
